color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grape
Skins Elderberry Red Red Cabbage Hibiscus |
Red to purple to Blue depending on pH. | E 63 | Light Good Heat Good |
Anthocyanins are water-soluble colours. They are natural indicators being red in acidic conditions where they are most stable and becoming bluer as pH increases | Anthocyanin (R)
|
Substitution 3’
|
Pattern 5’
|
|||
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red beetroot (Beta Vulgaris) |
Pink to Red | E 162 | Light Poor Heat Poor |
A water-soluble colour with limited stability to heat, light and oxidation. Most stable between pH 3.5-5.0. Most suited to frozen, dry or short shelf-life products not subjected to prolonged heating. |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seeds of the Annatto Shrub (Bixa Orellana) | Orange | E 160(b) | Light Fair Heat Good Below 125º C |
Bixin is oil soluble. Norbixin is water soluble in alkaline conditions. Norbixin solutions will precipitate at acid ph but versions stabilised to about pH3 are available. | R = Me-Cis-bixin Molecular Wt. 394.5 R = H-Cis –norbixin Molecular Wt. 380.5 |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrots Algae Palm |
Yellow to Orange | E 160(a) | Light Fair Heat Good |
Oil soluble colour, sensitive to oxidation. Shade is dependant on concentration used. Water dispersible versions are available. |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Pepper(Capsicum Annum) | Orange to Red | E 160(c) | Light Fair Heat Good |
Paprika is an oil soluble colour, sensitive to oxidation. Water dispersible versions are available. | Capsanthin |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tagetes erecta (Aztec Marigold) | Yellow | E 161(b) | Light Good Heat Good |
An oil soluble egg yellow colour with good stability. The xanthophyll lutein is a commonly consumed carotenoid colour occurring in green leaves, vegetables, eggs and some flowers. |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Yellow | E 100 | Light Poor Heat Good |
Turmeric is a spice, the purified colour, Curcumin , is not soluble in water but water dispersible systems are available. |
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green leafed Plants | Green | E 140 | Light Poor |
Heat Poor |
Natural chlorophyll is oil soluble but water dispersible forms are available. | Chlorophyll ‘a’, R = CH3 Chlorophyll ‘b’, R = CHO |
| E 141 | Light Good |
Heat Good |
Copper chlorophyll is oil soluble the Chlorophyllin is water soluble. These are chemically modified natural extracts. | |||
color
| Major Sources | Shade | E.E.C.No. | Stability | Properties | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IImenite and Rutile Ores | White | E 171 | Light Excellent Heat Excellent |
Manufactured from the ores ilmenite or rutile. A brilliant white pigment with many uses. | Ti O2 |